One of the properties of shortwave is extensive multi-path propagation. Much of the signal goes the shortest route - and a small amount of it goes all the way

One of the properties of shortwave is extensive multi-path propagation. Much of the signal goes the shortest route - and a small amount of it goes all the way around the world and arrives the long route, tens of milliseconds later. And at every point in between too. This is why shortwave AM radio sounds so hollow/resonant/unique - RF echoes stacked on top of each other, all slightly differently timed and distorted, arriving by many paths. This can be adapted for, somewhat. For that sort of application (triangulating from multiple passive fixed receivers scattered over the continent) confidence to less than within 50 miles would be hard to pull off. Though if you do get that kind of fix with some confidence, you can drive around -- when you're fairly close to a transmitter of that power (within line of sight), it's hard to miss it. Practically, few of these types transmit continuously. (10 kW is quite the power bill.) If they're only on the air for a few hours, with changing locations, it's going to be difficult to find them.