I agree that in some ways they control for certain aspects, but with human behavior I am leaning towards being old school in wanting to see baselines when there

I agree that in some ways they control for certain aspects, but with human behavior I am leaning towards being old school in wanting to see baselines when there is nothing "structured" to have a better idea of baselines (and potentially also learn something about human perception). In the current study I am not fully convinced all confounders are controlled enough. (There is also the issue of prompting, but asking if it were not, e.g., a vase what else is there is experimentally too broad, I fear) A broader way could be to add random noise then ask to pick the more X-like imagine and see how that correlates with the classifier probability for X.