> But where FP tries to avoid monads and stay pure Does not compute, monads are a construction you see pretty much only in functional programming. Monads are

> But where FP tries to avoid monads and stay pure Does not compute, monads are a construction you see pretty much only in functional programming. Monads are the tool Haskell uses to model effects and generate them from pure computations. They're not magic, they're nothing more than a pairing of a "map" and a "join" function (or "pure" and "bind" if you prefer that angle). Bottom line, monads are as pure as anything else, it's just the behind-the-scenes interpreter for the IO actions produced by the "main" function that isn't (edit: I suppose ST also counts as hidden magic) Other effect systems not based on monads have recently been catching on, such as Effect for TS, or language features like Abilities in Unison. Right now I get "observable-everything" by using computeds in Vue as much as possible and keeping raw refs private (i.e. not exported). But ultimately, something has to set the refs, and there's still no easy way to account for that mutation behavior in the type system.