> My understanding is that people don’t put any effort because of a mix of factors: no technical career; low salaries; no financial reward for putting extra eff

> My understanding is that people don’t put any effort because of a mix of factors: no technical career; low salaries; no financial reward for putting extra effort; management is mostly non technical and don’t value developers; companies can’t increase salary for a single individual in the same role because of unions or country laws; people can’t be easily fired; etc. Or they just plain don't care about software engineering and just do bare minimum for salary.