The simplest theory is that the phenomenon is the equivalent of a biological Distributed Denial of Service attack using human botnets. Mitigation techniques for

The simplest theory is that the phenomenon is the equivalent of a biological Distributed Denial of Service attack using human botnets. Mitigation techniques for handling DDoS attacks have equivalencies when dealing with humans. Block open ports; allow-list by default; use IPS to penalize participants. Reddit largely mitigated brigading by identifying and penalizing the participants. There's no reason similar strategies couldn't be applied cross-platform or legislated.