To your first point, that is a system of imposed value, as opposed to subjective value theory; taken again to the logical conclusion, we meet in the desert, you

To your first point, that is a system of imposed value, as opposed to subjective value theory; taken again to the logical conclusion, we meet in the desert, you're thirsty and I have water, if you cant afford the carbon offset for the water should you die of thirst? Should I sell you a smaller quantity of water at the higher price? Or should I sell you the most amount of water you want at the lowest price I can offer? What of other types of pollution? Why wouldnt we be taxing the environmental damage of mercury or lead? These items are in fact heavily regulated today, and yet it was with the help of the local government and their power over utilities that flint michigan was poisoned with lead; this is something a private company could be more easily sued for, as opposed to the government with sovereign immunity. Why would we expect this system of weights and measures to not be captured like other systems of political power? Try to imagine the negative consequences of the corporate capture of power over the prices of all goods in the market, what effect that could have over relatively powerless people just trying to eat. To the second part, scarcity is not something that can be changed; no matter how much you produce of something it is still ultimately limited in its supply. This is a debt based system though, and it doesn't have to be; all dollars are created when a debt is issued, like a home loan or government debt, and these debts are issued at an interest rate, it is systemically guarenteed that there will always be more debt than dollars to pay it off. Taken this to its logical conclusion, you get the repo-men/corpus style society of everyone being a slave to bankers, its not markets that do this, its exogenous debt that can never be repaid without entering more debt. With a commodity money or a money with commodity backing, this is not possible; the banks cannot issue debt for a bar of gold they never had, and when their debts turn out to be malinvestments they cant be bailed out by a central authority, meaning they will only issue debts that they can reasonably expect to be paid off, rather than the predatory practices of today.