I guess you have plenty of lights that you don’t leave on “all the time” such as lights in toilets that typically run at low duty cycles (I guess the light in m

I guess you have plenty of lights that you don’t leave on “all the time” such as lights in toilets that typically run at low duty cycles (I guess the light in my toilet is on for less than ten minutes a day, and only in winter, for example) For such lights, the permanent power usage of the controller can be much larger than that of the light, even if you accidentally leave it on way longer than needed now and then. The EU limit allows each controller to use 0,5w. See https://commission.europa.eu/energy-climate-change-environment/standards-tools-and-labels/products-labelling-rules-and-requirements/energy-label-and-ecodesign/energy-efficient-products/mode-standby-and-networked-standby-devices_en https://commission.europa.eu/energy-climate-change-environme.... And they do use close to that. The Philips Hue bulb uses 0,4W when off. See https://www.anandtech.com/show/6805/philips-hue-automated-home-lighting-gets-colorful/6 https://www.anandtech.com/show/6805/philips-hue-automated-ho.... So, that’s about 10Wh a day. If you use that to control a 10W light, you’d have to decrease its ‘on’ time by a hour a day to come out positive in energy usage. I have many lights that aren’t even on that long each day. I think home automation of lighting fixtures as a way to conserve energy made way more sense before LEDs became common.