4 ms·
If one wants to read a description of the hard- and software of a Lisp Machine from the 1980s, here are two good and lengthy overviews of second and third gener
by lispm 3y ago
If one wants to read a description of the hard- and software of a Lisp Machine from the 1980s, here are two good and lengthy overviews of second and third generation systems. The first generation were the research prototypes developed at MIT: CONS and CADR. The Symbolics 3600 is an improvement (and a commercial offering) and the TI Explorer then already moved to higher integration incl. a special Microprocessor. Both operating systems were based on the original MIT Lisp OS. The TI Explorer from 1988 already supported Common Lisp, which Symbolics at that time also did. The Symbolics 3600 from 1983 ran ZetaLisp (aka Lisp Machine Lisp), a very object-oriented Lisp, using the Flavors object-system.
Symbolics 3600 in 1983
The Symbolics 3600 was the first improved machine after Symbolics was founded, released in 1983. The first machine, the LM-2, was a re-packaged version of the MIT CADR. The 3600 was an improved design with 36bit architecture (plus 8 bit ECC). Typically a machine new would have cost around $100k in 1983. When the machine boots up, it says "Yes, master" on a LED display. It was very extensible with memory, color graphics, disks, tapes, network, printer, ... It had a console with special keyboard, mouse, high-res b&w screen and digital audio. A dedicated Motorola 68000 was the Front End Processor.
The Symbolics 3600 Technical Summary from 1983
http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/symbolics/3600_series/3600_TechnicalSummary_Feb83.pdf http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/symbolics/3600_series/3600_Tech...
A brochure for the machine: http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/symbolics/brochures/3600_Jul83.pdf http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/symbolics/brochures/3600_Jul83....
TI Explorer in 1988
The second overview is from TI and is from 1988, not long before they were quitting the market. There machine range was called TI Explorer, after licensing some technology from LMI (Lisp Machine, Inc.), another Lisp Machine company. TI had in 1988 already developed a Lisp Megachip, a 553k transistor 32bit CPU for running Lisp. The Chip design was done inhouse using a dozen Lisp Machines (including several from Symbolics). It was at the time one of the first CPUs of that complexity. The CPU had been financed by DARPA and one of the applications thought was adding a Compact Lisp Machine into a fighter plane, running an AI-based co-pilot, based on a large research project (Pilot's Associate). The TI Explorer itself used the NuBUS as extension bus. Their console was attached via a fiber-optic cable.
The TI Explorer Technical Summary from 1988:
http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/ti/explorer/2243189-0001D_ExplTech_8-88.pdf http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/ti/explorer/2243189-0001D_ExplT...
- DonHopkins 3y ago> The CPU had been financed by DARPA and one of the applications thought was adding a Compact Lisp Machine into a fighter plane, running an AI-based co-pilot, based on a large research project (Pilot's Associate). So is that why everybody called it the "TI Exploder"? I always assumed it was because they occasionally exploded, not because they made other things explode! https://cl-pdx.com/comp.lang.lisp/1988/apr/553.html#:~:text=exploder https://cl-pdx.com/comp.lang.lisp/1988/apr/553.html#:~:text=... http://computer-programming-forum.com/50-lisp/e1910d32684c7eaf.htm#:~:text=exploder http://computer-programming-forum.com/50-lisp/e1910d32684c7e... https://gopherproxy.meulie.net/sdf.org/0/users/kickmule/unix/unix_haters_ml_2.txt#:~:text=exploder https://gopherproxy.meulie.net/sdf.org/0/users/kickmule/unix... (Oh wow cool, by googling for "TI Exploder" I found those old unix-haters archives, with some of my old sarcastic Unix Weenie / X-Windows / Perl combo-rants from '91, that I'd completely forgotten about! Including DSHR's epic "Sun Deskset == Roy Lichtenstein Painting on your Bedroom Wall" rant that somebody with the initials DH leaked. https://blog.dshr.org/ https://blog.dshr.org/ ) ... I'll transclude the highlights since it perfectly illustrates what Liam was getting at in the article and his comments here: Date: Thu, 8 Aug 91 18:20:00 PDT From: DH Subject: Simple Unix Weenie Question Date: Thu, 8 Aug 91 20:50:26 EDT From: J > =+= Gee, I can't seem to convince a shell script or a > program to change my working directory. This makes some > sense, given how Unix handles programs (as separate > processes). But when I put "cd" in a shell script, it > works for the duration of the shell script, and then > reverts back to where I was before. So, what's wrong with that? running a shell script forks off another shell, and when it terminates, you are returned to where your parent shell left you. If you want to end up in another directory, use an alias. The elegant approach is for the subshell to open /dev/mem and change the directory of its parent process directly. Another popular approach is for both shells to open connections to the X server, select for property notify events on screen 0, and negotiate an incremental selection transfer in a manner acceptable to both the parent process, child process, and the X Consortium Office of Management and Budget, falling back on the system wide default directory (which you must be running automounter to access) in case the server returns a BadAlloc error. From: DH Date: Thu, 8 Aug 91 19:07:55 PDT Subject: Simple Unix Weenie Question Oh yeah, in case you were wondering how to open an X connection from the shell, you have to be running "xperlsh". But since it runs your .xperlshrc file through the C preprocessor first, you have to make sure you have an ANSII cpp in your path supporting ## style macro concatination, but other than that it's pretty much like you would expect. (But of course you have to set your path up right first, so you need to set the "SkipAheadOnErrorsAndTryAgainSomeOtherTime" option to xperlsh in your .xperlshinit file, which is sourced by your session manager (so naturally you have to restart the window system before it takes effect.).) Date: Mon, 14 Oct 91 18:01:14 PDT Subject: I Love Working At Sun ... -- Customers are really stupid: if you dump on them they quit buying your product ;-/ - Author's name withheld (not me). From: DH Date: Mon, 21 Oct 91 14:18:19 PDT Subject: dr on Deskset Date: Wed, 31 Oct 90 09:39:51 PST From: OD To: tt Subject: fyi Hmmm... ----- Begin Included Message ----- >From kh From: kh To: ws Subject: dr on Deskset From: DR Date: 18 Oct 90 17:02:39 GMT Newsgroups: sun.open-windows Subject: Re: Deskset environment [NS replied to me directly. Her reply illustrates the reasons why I sent out yesterday's mail so perfectly that I'm taking the liberty of copying my reply to openwindows-interest] > When we give standard Deskset presentations, a couple of > things tend to "dazzle" the audience ... > > 1. Use the MT Calendar template to generate an > appointment. Mail it to yourself, then > drop it onto CM which will schedule it. The > template is totally hokey (we're working on > it) but it works and is wizzy. > > 2. Build a small application with GUIDE and make it > on the spot. Show it up and running on XView > in minutes. You can talk to BW about that > Thank you, but you have completely missed the point. I don't want to show people how whizzy the standard default desktop environment is. That's your job. I want to give a talk about a quite different subject. I merely want to *use* the desktop environment to achieve my own ends. And as soon as I try to actually *use* it for something instead of merely showing off the glitz, it falls to pieces in my hands. Unfortunately, this is becoming all too common in Sun products these days, because we no longer *use* the things we build for anything but whizzy demos. Have you ever actually tried to *use* the desktop for anything? Like, say, printing a PostScript file? The answer has to be no - because dropping a PostScript file on the print tool doesn't work. Or binding a shell command to a pattern? Again no, because doing so depends on undocumented features of /etc/filetype. Even trying to create a new icon from the standard set causes the icon editor to dump core. I'm not joking when I say that I've been filing a bug report every couple of hours of trying to use the desktop. Its this kind of fragility that shows me that I'm treading on fresh snow. No-one else has walked this way. And that is a truly sad commentary on the state of Sun - no-one has been this way because no-one believes that there's anything worth doing over this way. The reason Unix was such an advance over previous operating systems was that you could customize your environment in arbitrary ways. With just a few shell scripts, for example. Its just like the cold war - in our anxiety to compete with the enemy we've ended up losing the things that made our way of life worth defending in the first place. Like the freedom to disagree with the authorities. > I believe you're correct in saying that most people live > with the default environment, but I think it's only partly > because they don't know how to customize it. We've done > some user testing and, surprisingly, people either prefer > the default environment or just don't want to take the > time to make it special. This is particularly true of > people like admins, marketing, etc. Testing whether people actually do customize their environment is beside the point. Of course they don't. In order to do it, I have to write C code using bizarre features of Xview, exercise all my shell wizardry, and dredge up undocumented features of the system from the source. And you're suprised when admins can't do this? I don't expect admins to do it. But I do expect ISVs and Sun's SEs to be able to do it, and right now they can't. PS - I notice that someone filed a bug today pointing out that even your example of dropping a mail message on CM doesn't work if CM is closed. That's a symptom of the kind of arrogance that all the deskset tools seem to show - they're so whizzy and important that they deserve acres of screen real estate. Why can't they just shut up and do their job efficiently and inconspicuously? Why do they have to shove their bells and whistles in my face all the time? They're like 50's American cars - huge and covered with fins. What I want is more like a BMW, small, efficient, elegant and understated. Your focus on the whizzy demos may look great at trade shows, but who wants to have their tools screaming at them for attention all the time? It's like having a Roy Lichtenstein painting on your bedroom wall. ----- End Included Message ----- From: DH Date: Tue, 22 Oct 91 12:43:59 PDT Subject: Forwarding Messages Please don't forward that message about the deskset around. It is only for the enjoyment of people who truly hate Unix. Since the incredible bogosity of Unix is one of the best kept "open secrets" of the industry, I assumed that this was a relativly private mailing list. From: DC Date: Tue, 22 Oct 91 12:53:32 -0700 Subject: Getting People Fired Well, it also made you some friends here. Yes; apparently quite a number of them. Perhaps in fact it was a net gain! From: DH Date: Tue, 19 Nov 91 08:27:49 EST Subject: Once Again, Weenix Unies Reinvent History Yesterday Rob Pike from Bell Labs gave a talk on the latest and greatest successor to unix, called Plan 9. Basically he described ITS's mechanism for using file channels to control resources as if it were the greatest new idea since the wheel. There may have been more; I took off after he credited Unix with the invention of the hierarchial file system! The other archive contains the whole 1990 thread about ESR rewriting the JARGON file! https://gopherproxy.meulie.net/sdf.org/0/users/kickmule/unix/unix_haters_ml_1.txt https://gopherproxy.meulie.net/sdf.org/0/users/kickmule/unix... Date: Fri, 14 Dec 1990 13:54 EST From: DH Subject: Re: MC:HUMOR;JARGON > The JARGON file is being updated. The guy doing so has changed the nasty references to Unix to refer to MS-DOS because "all the ITS partisans have now become Unix partisans, since the Unix philosophy is the same as the ITS philosophy." as he says. Date: Fri, 14 Dec 1990 16:57-0500 From: KP Subject: Re: MC:HUMOR;JARGON > Isn't there some pending federal law against colorizing things that were originally black and white? Perhaps we should each call our congresspeople and lobby for its immediate passage of that so we can go after this vandal in court... Date: Mon, 17 Dec 90 15:04:18 EST From: MT Subject: Re: MC:HUMOR;JARGON > This guy is also a flaming political loony, so make sure to mention that you're an agent of the international communist conspiracy if you write to him (unless you're trying to be persuasive, in which case you should claim to be a sworn enemy of the ICC). Date: 27 Dec 90 07:17:26 GMT From: ESR Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers For the record, I have been a GNU contributor and supporter since 1982. From: DH Date: 28 Dec 90 22:08:22 GMT Um, for the record, there wasn't any GNU project in 1982. Date: Tue, 1 Jan 91 17:25:11 EST From: RS Subject: This Is What Worries Me Eric the Flute's credibility has just taken another nose-dive... you would expect someone who claims to be a purveyor of net history and lore to at least get the dates right when he's lying... From: ESR Date: Tue, 1 Jan 91 19:44:17 EST Subject: Re: This Is What Worries Me In recent spewage, dh calls me a liar for writing that I've been a GNU contributor and supporter since 1982. My history with GNU spans its entire lifetime to date (most recently, RMS accepted an SCCS control mode into the libraries for v19 EMACS). It's possible that the project had an official start time that postdates 1982, but I was involved before that, when the project was just a gleam in RMS's eye (by 1982 I'd already known him for four years). He's welcome to ask RMS when I volunteered the code that became GNU sed. That was before the project had even definitely settled on the GNU name. RMS may even recall that I was one of the first people -- possibly *the* first -- to urge that an EMACS implementation be the flagship product of his embryonic project. I can only assume that gumby's remarks are a function of ignorance and his expressed distate for the Jargon File revision I am currently undertaking. I leave it for others to judge whether any juxtaposition of the above facts with GNU's official history justifies a vindictive flame. -- >>eric>> From: AB Date: Tue, 1 Jan 91 21:09:08 EST Subject: But DH didn't know Mr. Raymond was on unix-haters! For the moment I have removed Mr. Raymond from unix-haters. If anyone wants to put him back, they should first give him a crystal clear explanation of the boundaries of discussion, and they should also warn the rest of us in advance so that we can avoid repeating dh's faux pas. Personally, I think it's kind of inhibiting to have "prominent Unix personalities" on unix-haters. It's hard to work up a really good flame about clueless, twinkie-crazed, brain damaged unix weenies when you have to worry that you might offend someone. This is not a list for the faint of heart. Accuracy is -not- required on unix-haters. Unix-haters requires only hatred. (Of course accuracy does have its role. Nothing improves a really good anti-Unix rant more than the knowledge that the eye-popping misfeature in question really does work -exactly- as described.)