This recent study (originally in german) paints a different picture: """ - With the large-scale war of aggression against Ukraine since February 2022, the frame

This recent study (originally in german) paints a different picture: """ - With the large-scale war of aggression against Ukraine since February 2022, the framework conditions for Russian-Chinese cooperation have fundamentally changed. Economic cooperation with China has become vital for Russia. - Russian-Chinese trade has increased sharply since Moscow's invasion began. On the other hand, Chinese investments in Russia, which were already low, have continued to shrink since then. - Fossil fuels remain the backbone of Russian-Chinese economic cooperation, but the infrastructure for a faster expansion of Russian exports is lacking. - Russia's arms exports to China have been declining for several years. China, for its part, is exporting more and more dual-use goods to Russia, which are urgently needed by the Russian defense industry. - Russian-Chinese cooperation in the IT industry has declined sharply since the start of the war of aggression against Ukraine, as Chinese digital companies fear US secondary sanctions. - Russia's trade with China is largely conducted in yuan. However, Russia continues to rely on the US dollar for trade with other countries. """ https://www-swp--berlin-org.translate.goog/en/publication/russisch-chinesische-wirtschaftsbeziehungen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=de&_x_tr_pto=wapp https://www-swp--berlin-org.translate.goog/en/publication/ru...