> AMA licensing, etc. never mind that every country has those, and probably more restrictive versions. How can they be more restrictive when they are licensing

> AMA licensing, etc. never mind that every country has those, and probably more restrictive versions. How can they be more restrictive when they are licensing way more doctors? USA is at the bottom of the developed world in number of physicians per capita but also pay the most. The only plausible way that can be true is if USA is the most restrictive in the developed world, like requiring way more years of schooling than necessary or limiting residency spots or limiting how many schools are allowed to educate doctors or making it hard for immigrants to become doctors etc. Japan has less doctors, but they are also among the healthiest in the world so maybe they don't require as many for that reason. But USA is at the other end of the healthiness spectrum so you can't use that explanation there.