It's arguable whether a SyntaxError happens as a compile-time check. It's true that it is raised before runtime. But a document that can be parsed according to

It's arguable whether a SyntaxError happens as a compile-time check. It's true that it is raised before runtime. But a document that can be parsed according to the syntax definition is a necessary precondition to all checks of any static program property. Syntactic correctness in itself is not a static property of a program. A program is, by definition, syntactically correct. Without a correct syntax there is no way to assign meaning or execute or interpret, etc.