Users could also make interoperability a requirement and thus drive standardization. Nobody is interested in an email provider that cannot send emails to other

Users could also make interoperability a requirement and thus drive standardization. Nobody is interested in an email provider that cannot send emails to other providers. After WhatsApp changed its ToS in 2020 and I didn't want to agree to the new terms, I decided to delete all IM apps which depend on a single provider and only use a single one which is compliant with the XMPP internet standard. I also wouldn't sign up for any social network that isn't ActivityPub compliant anymore.