An orchestra is a system. A human system, so there are a minimum of five factors to manage: the humans as individuals, the humans as a group, the system itself,

An orchestra is a system. A human system, so there are a minimum of five factors to manage: the humans as individuals, the humans as a group, the system itself, the context in which the system exists, and the interaction of humans, the system, and their context. The conductor acts as a manager, leading the orchestra from both a governance view (outside of performance) and an operational view (during performance).