I mean in summer, the sun delivers almost 100,000 Lumen / m² to crops for free, you'll have a hard time competing with that alone using indoor LED lighting, whi

I mean in summer, the sun delivers almost 100,000 Lumen / m² to crops for free, you'll have a hard time competing with that alone using indoor LED lighting, which has efficiencies of around 200 Lumen / Watt. Of course you don't need the full sunlight to grow crops but anyone with an aquarium can tell you that even keeping a very small number of plants thriving using artificial light and nutrients isn't cheap. So many other factors like the price of real estate in cities and the logistics seem to doom these indoor farming companies as well, I can't imagine they will ever serve anything but a niche market. There wasn't even real innovation here, Ag-focused countries like Spain and the Netherlands have the most efficient growing processes figured out for a long time, so all this vertical farming stuff was nonsensical from the beginning. Savings in transportation costs can't possibly offset the other costs either. So really the only surprising thing is how long they managed to keep alive without producing anything of value. I guess what really killed them in the end was the end of dumb and cheap money.