> The huge drop in 2022 scores can be explained through the longer school closure period during the pandemic lockdowns The latest PISA scores arrived just last

> The huge drop in 2022 scores can be explained through the longer school closure period during the pandemic lockdowns The latest PISA scores arrived just last week or so and do not support this. There is a very weak negative correlation between number school closure days and drop in PISA scores, at least in Western European countries. The higher the number of school closure days, the less the results dropped. But the correlation is so weak that it's basically just noise. Scores dropped pretty much everywhere so the pandemic probably had an effect, but the data does not support school closures (or at least its duration) of being the primary culprit. I do not have a good English language source to point to (but the raw data is easy to find).