"Noise reduction" is not dark frame subtraction. What they are very clearly describing is dark frame subtraction, as they repeatedly mention damage from cosmic

"Noise reduction" is not dark frame subtraction. What they are very clearly describing is dark frame subtraction, as they repeatedly mention damage from cosmic rays. Things are not helped by this being a press release munged up by a writer. "Noise reduction" is where the camera's image processor applies smoothing over different channels as part of all the other processing it does, such as vignette correction, chromatic diffraction compensation, and remapping for lens distortion. Some but not all of this is bypassed when doing RAW images. RAW processors (especially from the camera manufacturer) typically apply similar corrections automatically, but you have varying degrees of control over this. They're usually better quality due to more computational capabilities, and faster software development cycle vs stuff baked into the camera's ASICs or firmware.