Plasmid production is pretty well industrialized. Lots of biotech drugs/treatments ferment plasmids as a step in their process (for example the Covid mRNA vacci

Plasmid production is pretty well industrialized. Lots of biotech drugs/treatments ferment plasmids as a step in their process (for example the Covid mRNA vaccines that cost $25). I imagine an expensive part of this process is incubating the treated stem cells to increase their numbers, and then just the cost of the hospital time while the new cells establish and the patients immune system recovers from the chemotherapy.