It is undeniable that, of all these, the most common "first prog.lang (PL)" is Python. So, to the extent a new PL "replaces what you already know" almost every

It is undeniable that, of all these, the most common "first prog.lang (PL)" is Python. So, to the extent a new PL "replaces what you already know" almost everything is a Python replacement. (It's a bit muddy since so much Python just wraps C/C++, though, and you might be replacing someone else's code.) Personally, I use Nim as a C replacement - it responds very well to optimization effort in my experience. At least one developer is calling more optimized Nim from Rust.. https://forum.nim-lang.org/t/10532 https://forum.nim-lang.org/t/10532