Thank you for the link to cosmic strings! This is actually exactly what I had in mind when, as you quoted, I was mentioning wrinkles and “black trenches”. So,

Thank you for the link to cosmic strings! This is actually exactly what I had in mind when, as you quoted, I was mentioning wrinkles and “black trenches”. So, you don’t think structures like galaxy superclusters are a second hand visualization of the existence of cosmic strings? I know these formations could be explained by the effect of gravity of just visible matter. But maybe it’s both. Like a valley could exist because of a river and a river could exist because of a valley. Since this concept has been around for so long I have some reading to do to understand why cosmic strings are not a possible explanation for dark matter. To me high density and invisible fit the bill for dark matter quite well. Edit: never mind, continued reading the article and saw this > in the past it was thought that their gravity could have been responsible for the original clumping of matter into galactic superclusters. It is now calculated that their contribution to the structure formation in the universe is less than 10%.