Fair, 12 years is the upper bound with 7-8 being more typical. But 7 to 8 years is the upper bound of many large dog breeds who are pampered and have excellent

Fair, 12 years is the upper bound with 7-8 being more typical. But 7 to 8 years is the upper bound of many large dog breeds who are pampered and have excellent medical care. There are many large dog breeds that will never make it to 12, but a pampered wolf will. My overall point is that even for the overall category of "large canine", we've reduced the lifespan of domesticated dog breeds.