I agree, to an extent: I think OSS commoditized the substrate of modern technology: OS, libraries, languages, etc, which made the higher-level stuff more valuab

I agree, to an extent: I think OSS commoditized the substrate of modern technology: OS, libraries, languages, etc, which made the higher-level stuff more valuable (Christensen's law). With commodity platforms, most of the value was left in the end product (i.e. the user-facing bits) and at that point market dynamics favored natural monopolies --the more customers a service had, the better it got, the more customers it got. Which is another reason user-facing OSS apps/services have mostly failed miserably. It's deeply ironic that in the end OSS, that lovely near-communist idea helped create what is probably the most successful capitalistic business models of all time... but, the fact that these monopolies are still there and unregulated and unharmed, that's probably a US-specific political failure and cannot be fixed with technological hacks and definitely not by one of their core enablers (OSS).