I like your vibe. Regarding your last suggestion, what you actually want is a skyhook to catch the payload, with Phobos at the center. You can even use Phobos

I like your vibe. Regarding your last suggestion, what you actually want is a skyhook to catch the payload, with Phobos at the center. You can even use Phobos regolith to manufacture the basalt fiber required to build the cable.