Do we know if supplementing with a particular bacterium has a straightforward, corresponding effect in the gut flora? I have no idea how complicated the gut /

Do we know if supplementing with a particular bacterium has a straightforward, corresponding effect in the gut flora? I have no idea how complicated the gut / flora dynamics are in response to such a treatment. E.g., maybe adding bacterium A triggers a die-off of bacterium B, and thus a population explosion of bacterium C, causing reduced diarrhea, leading to growth of D, causing inactivation of E, ...