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https://web.archive.org/web/20231117010516/https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/bams/aop/BAMS-D-23-0113.1/BAMS-D-23-0113.1.xml https://web.archive.org/web

https://web.archive.org/web/20231117010516/https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/bams/aop/BAMS-D-23-0113.1/BAMS-D-23-0113.1.xml https://web.archive.org/web/20231117010516/https://journals.... Abstract On 13 April 2022, the Russian warship Moskva was hit by two Ukrainian Neptune anti-ship missiles in the Black Sea, leading to its demise. Before launching an anti-ship missile, a target must first be detected and positioned, for example by an accompanying radar system. However, when the missiles hit the Moskva she was well beyond the normal radar horizon of any ground-based radar system, making the ship undetectable under normal circumstances. Using meteorological reanalysis data, we show that at the time of the missile launch the prevailing weather conditions allowed a ground-based radar to detect targets far beyond the normal radar horizon through anomalous propagation conditions. During such conditions, the atmospheric index of refraction decreases rapidly with height, making electromagnetic radiation bend downward to, partly or fully, compensate the curvature of the Earth. The results show that atmospheric conditions must be considered carefully, even during warfare, as their impact on radar wave propagation can be considerable.

Already__Taken 3y ago
Can anyone that makes radar comment: does this just work or does that kit need to understand that this can happen to process it. Is an operator just using the thing and for a couple house is surprised at how much more shows up? like a telescope operator would be like "huh that's new" where as my router will be like "hmm TCP just got bigger, stop working."
- bell-cot 3y ago
  Not an expert, but - the echo-return delay (speed of light, out & back, for a more-distant target) will be longer than normal during such anomalies. Useful military radar needs all sorts of "filters" - to ignore spurious signals & stuff you don't care about & enemy jamming & the old microwave in the break room. So, bare minimum, the radar's filters would need to be designed with an awareness that (at times) it could spot real surface targets at much longer ranges than normally possible.
- simne 3y ago
  I'm electronics expert. All radio equipment "see" such things from time to time. For example I used car FM radio to hear reflections from meteors, from Warsaw radio (about 1000km from me, usually, you may know, about 100km from transmission tower). But modern digital usually just filter out all signals with too much delay. Old analog radars (widely in use in Ukraine), really could see much farther when good conditions, and if engineers could tune circuit. And we have to tune, because need to make all possible, because of war.

Already__Taken 3y ago

Can anyone that makes radar comment: does this just work or does that kit need to understand that this can happen to process it. Is an operator just using the thing and for a couple house is surprised at how much more shows up? like a telescope operator would be like "huh that's new" where as my router will be like "hmm TCP just got bigger, stop working."

bell-cot 3y ago
Not an expert, but - the echo-return delay (speed of light, out & back, for a more-distant target) will be longer than normal during such anomalies. Useful military radar needs all sorts of "filters" - to ignore spurious signals & stuff you don't care about & enemy jamming & the old microwave in the break room. So, bare minimum, the radar's filters would need to be designed with an awareness that (at times) it could spot real surface targets at much longer ranges than normally possible.
simne 3y ago
I'm electronics expert. All radio equipment "see" such things from time to time. For example I used car FM radio to hear reflections from meteors, from Warsaw radio (about 1000km from me, usually, you may know, about 100km from transmission tower). But modern digital usually just filter out all signals with too much delay. Old analog radars (widely in use in Ukraine), really could see much farther when good conditions, and if engineers could tune circuit. And we have to tune, because need to make all possible, because of war.