Well, world is complex, there exists more than five ways you mentioned, and even more than you mentioned, combined with comments on this post. But overall, all

Well, world is complex, there exists more than five ways you mentioned, and even more than you mentioned, combined with comments on this post. But overall, all them need huge investments, to make huge enough technologies shifts. And unfortunately, there are not just money investments, but they also need some scarce resources, even human resources are not abundant. On other side, as we all could see here on HN, humanity is really close to AGI, which could solve issue with human resources, and even more, read more :) I think, modern market civilization, could continue grow without continue grow use terrestrial resources, by invest in space industries - mining asteroids, produce at least enriched metal concentrates in space. What slows progress of space industries, mostly, asteroids too far from Earth for just radio remote control, because of speed of light limitation. Solution is obvious - create space enterprise, controlled by AGI. I see pair of space industry + AGI, as gamechanger, which could alone, without significant shifts in other technologies, solve Earth crisis. And unfortunately, all these bright future things will not appear instant, even optimistic forecast, will spend decades to start this flywheel spin, and all this time will continue warming, but once, may be in 30-40 years from now, will achieve climate plateau, and than will see pivot and slowly cooling. Theoretically, all industries you and comments mentioned, are big industries, so you could just build your own big enterprise, using some super-cool new technologies and change yourself things to better. But in practice, you anyway need somewhere got bright people to work with, and as I said, bright people are not abundant. So, looks like, we are now fortunate got good tickets, and we will build these new industries with AI tech.