Inside the spinal column (the bones), not into the cord itself but just outside a thin layer (the dura mater - Latin for "tough mother") around it (thus "epidur

Inside the spinal column (the bones), not into the cord itself but just outside a thin layer (the dura mater - Latin for "tough mother") around it (thus "epidural" - "outside the dura"). Labor epidurals (which are most epidurals) are placed in the lower lumbar region. The five lumbar vertebrae are creatively named L1 through L5; the spinal cord itself ends around L2, and below that level the spinal column just provides a space for the nerve roots to be protected. Whatever; the local anesthetic diffuses across it just fine. But yes, you do have to keep in mind things like timing of anticoagulant usage (it's bad if you have a bleeding spot that doesn't want to stop, but it's catastrophic if you have a bleeding spot inside a bony cavity that can't expand - you can easily have a big bleed whose pressure compresses and damages the spinal cord higher up).