Depends on the national regulations. "Furthering the art of radio." is mentioned in some of them. So is self-training and experimentation. That can be low

Depends on the national regulations. "Furthering the art of radio." is mentioned in some of them. So is self-training and experimentation. That can be low tech or something more modern. Good modern examples are M17, freeDV, NPR-70 and FT8.