They two authentication systems that I know of that allow users to freely choose between authentication suppliers are websites supporting openid and RFC 6238.

They two authentication systems that I know of that allow users to freely choose between authentication suppliers are websites supporting openid and RFC 6238. There are works being done in Sweden to create an open government identification standard where users can choose which trusted entity to use, assuming that those entities are trusted by the government website or service that require government ID. For Sweden that would likely mean a choice between banks or government issued digital id, which is a step up from current system of only having banks being the authority of online identification. An EU digital identity would be a third options. Those are not a digital certificate. They are more similar to single-sign-on system. It is the "authenticate with facebook" but without facebook and for things like healthcare and taxes. As a side note, the current system in Sweden is such that if you do get banned from banks in Sweden then you also loose your digital identity and will be unable to do most things in relation to government or healthcare.