This seems to be somebody on the ground, if it was satellite based, it seems like it'd have bigger range and more consistency across the reports (see the 3 vari

This seems to be somebody on the ground, if it was satellite based, it seems like it'd have bigger range and more consistency across the reports (see the 3 varieties of spoofing in the region). And I'd think the US Government would probably very quickly raise their voices about it. Jamming GPS seems easy, like many countries could do. Spoofing GPS seems fairly complex. And causing the GPS to show a stationary location while moving seems closer to a large nation-state capability that maybe they've sold to some partners to test in the region. I sense the purpose is to get airplanes to cross borders without authorization so they could be forcibly led to land and hostages could be captured (not about causing them to crash). The regions highlighted in the article cover a large region that the ME3 use to run the European and American flights.