Take the following function: function arrmin<T extends {field: number}>(a: T[]): number { let m = a[0].field; for (let i = 1; i < a.length;

Take the following function: function arrmin<T extends {field: number}>(a: T[]): number { let m = a[0].field; for (let i = 1; i < a.length; i++) { if (a[i].field < m) { m = a[i].field; } } return m; } Now call arrmin([]). There's no way to avoid a throw. You would have to annotate every function that uses field selection on an array element (and a bunch of other conditions) as "throws", or enforce error checking code (if (0 <= i < a.length) {...}). Rust didn't solve that either, does it? It just panics.