This society is old because it does not provide reasonable opportunity for youths. It can't (and won't) pay for opportunities for young people, and it can't sur

This society is old because it does not provide reasonable opportunity for youths. It can't (and won't) pay for opportunities for young people, and it can't survive without young people. Even here, the situation is trivial: they need to pay more. As simple as that. This is a huge problem in essentially all of Southern Europe, not just Portugal. Frankly, it's "not that bad" in Portugal, compared to for example Northern Spain. Currently this situation is masking the same problem in North West Europe (.uk, .ie, parts of .fr, .be, .nl and parts of .de). There is a vast shortage of younger people which is temporarily somewhat covered by immigration of skilled labor from places where it's a lot worse. However, that immigration is drying up, and already cannot cover the "natural" outflow (ie. pensioners, and people outright dying). And there's also emigration, which makes the picture pretty bad. The problem is not just very visible in the financial situation, it is very visible in actual population statistics. Despite the complaints about it, even the inflows due to conflicts such as Afghanistan, Sudan, and the same will be true now with Israel, these conflicts cannot get Europe to breakeven anymore for even a month.