Sources for the US: Castle Rock v Gonzales https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Town_of_Castle_Rock_v._Gonzales https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Town_of_Castle_Rock

Sources for the US: Castle Rock v Gonzales https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Town_of_Castle_Rock_v._Gonzales https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Town_of_Castle_Rock_v._Gonza... Warren v District of Columbia https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warren_v._District_of_Columbia https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warren_v._District_of_Columb... DeShaney v Winnebago https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/DeShaney_v._Winnebago_County https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/DeShaney_v._Winnebago_County Simultaneously, in the US there is a well-established recognition of the right to self-defense. However, this is tempered by a minority of states imposing a duty to retreat. Seven states also impose a duty to comply with a criminal’s “negative demands” and one with both positive and negative criminal demands(!). https://reason.com/volokh/2022/01/26/the-right-to-defy-criminal-demands-the-duties-to-retreat-and-to-comply-with-negative-demands/ https://reason.com/volokh/2022/01/26/the-right-to-defy-crimi... Some countries do not recognize the right to self defense and have no duty to protect, and there are all flavors in between, so YMMV depending on the country you live in or are visiting.