All those are symptoms of chronic vitamin D deficiency. High melanin content associated with adaptation to the higher year-round insolation at lower latitudes a

All those are symptoms of chronic vitamin D deficiency. High melanin content associated with adaptation to the higher year-round insolation at lower latitudes also inhibits the natural production of vitamin D in the body. Living at higher latitudes, wearing more clothing due to the weather (further limiting sun exposure), and a modern lifestyle largely spent indoors all exacerbate the underlying problem.