> I don't think x86 will ever get to the level of power efficiency that ARM has, simply due to the fact the arm cores and instructions are all built and enginee

> I don't think x86 will ever get to the level of power efficiency that ARM has, simply due to the fact the arm cores and instructions are all built and engineered for low power usage. This is often repeated, but very thinly substantiated. ARM originally wasn't engineered for low power usage, just "normal power usage" in PC-like computers. It found its niche in low power devices mainly because the larger chips got dominated by other ISAs and weren't much interested in low margin embedded space. It's very unclear if ARM as an ISA has any intrinsically meaningful advantage in power consumption. Modern chip design kind of converged and most of them work on similar principles like decoding the ISA instructions into microcode which is then executed. x86 decoder might be more complex than an ARM one, but the difference on a chip is small and likely meaningless in terms of power consumption.