The hard problem, in essence, deals with the question of how qualities emerge from quantities. Until we have explained this, then holding materialism is religio

The hard problem, in essence, deals with the question of how qualities emerge from quantities. Until we have explained this, then holding materialism is religious. That is, assuming as true something that we have no access to, no explanation for, and no reasons to believe it. I am not sure why you think that panpsychism would be a religious stance? What's religious about assuming that the only _given_ of existence is in fact fundamental? And I'm not even arguing for panpsychism here, since I don't find it tenable. But at least it's not materialism, which I would argue is the maximum form of abstraction and therefore religious in nature.