I don’t know about Europe at a whole, but there are examples of unions also employing step 1). Like, announce a strike and then beat up or even murder people wo

I don’t know about Europe at a whole, but there are examples of unions also employing step 1). Like, announce a strike and then beat up or even murder people working anyway. Also many unions did what business owners had done for centuries and went into politics. The social Democratic party in Sweden for example, is a part of the largest labour union. This is somewhat controversial in some circles, for sure, but changes the power dynamic for steps 2 and 3 a lot.