no chance of having biological offspring, while for hetero couples society can't know it in advance. What about hetero couples where one or both of the partner

no chance of having biological offspring, while for hetero couples society can't know it in advance. What about hetero couples where one or both of the partners are known to be sterile, possibly due to elective surgery? Also, as I noted above, many gay couples do in fact raise (one of) their biological offspring. On your other points - I'm going into a corner to think. You made many correct statements. A winnar is you, then, if you get new thoughts. Thanks for prodding me to justify all this. It's been fun. Conversations like this are why I love HN.