It’s a function of the application, not the OS (though I see your point, the basic Mac text box does do it by default, unlike the Windows one (even in W11?)). M

It’s a function of the application, not the OS (though I see your point, the basic Mac text box does do it by default, unlike the Windows one (even in W11?)). MS Word will do the curly quote conversion on any OS. I’d guess it’s InDesign doing the ligatures in printed/PDF magazine articles, which would happen on any OS. Same is true with WordPress or a Markdown converter. There’s always an app preference somewhere to make this not happen, but people don’t bother finding it.