If you mean dogs — they were bred by humans for that purpose, that operates very distinctly from “raw” evolution. The latter is not particularly fast at adopti

If you mean dogs — they were bred by humans for that purpose, that operates very distinctly from “raw” evolution. The latter is not particularly fast at adopting, it survives mostly by having a huge variety in the first place, and in an adverse environment some will survive, quickly growing in numbers due to the abundance of resources left behind by other former competitors. But that only works if the adversity is not too extreme, at least in case of more complex life forms (plants, animals).