What's in PAIP is a bytecode compiler for Scheme with some discussion of simple optimizations, with a ref to a 70s or 80s paper by Deutsch (iirc) on design of a

What's in PAIP is a bytecode compiler for Scheme with some discussion of simple optimizations, with a ref to a 70s or 80s paper by Deutsch (iirc) on design of a Lisp VM for a space-constrained computer. Another paper that comes to mind is Anton Ertl's on his vmgen system. The Smalltalk-80 bytecode design is worth a look too.