Plate solving - identifying constellations and deep sky objects by the relative positions of stars - is a pretty common part of astronomy software and possible

Plate solving - identifying constellations and deep sky objects by the relative positions of stars - is a pretty common part of astronomy software and possible on a raspberry pi. For example https://github.com/dstndstn/astrometry.net https://github.com/dstndstn/astrometry.net I'm not aware of anything that can, say, identify a meteor and differentiate it from a plane or satellite, but I'm sure it's possible.