>Depending on city size, car culture, etc. Buses with dedicated lanes could be pretty fast. Dedicated bus lanes would help I'm sure, but I still don't see how

>Depending on city size, car culture, etc. Buses with dedicated lanes could be pretty fast. Dedicated bus lanes would help I'm sure, but I still don't see how this could ever be "fast" when buses still have to stop at intersections for red lights. It's what makes driving in a denser city so slow. Trains and subways don't have this problem. >They will run at a deficit and require government subsidies because they are necessities. Not true. The trains in Japan aren't subsidized and run at a profit from ridership. You could argue that they got some "unfair" advantages in their initial funding for construction, but as it stands today for ongoing operations, they don't need subsidies; they generate a profit for their owners. Moreover, the companies running many of the trains are really real estate companies: they own big stations in certain places, and then build big complexes around those stations. Build it and they will come. >banning cars in certain metropolitan areas The biggest thing to do is simply make it horribly inconvenient to use a car, by not having any free parking. If there's no place to park except some extremely expensive parking lots that might be a longish walk from your destination, people won't drive.