Except for power, that is all determinable from the cable itself. USB-C cable supports power and USB2 data. Resistor determines the power, either legacy USB, 1.

Except for power, that is all determinable from the cable itself. USB-C cable supports power and USB2 data. Resistor determines the power, either legacy USB, 1.5A or 3A. Every USB-C cables support that. If there are USB3 pins connected, then it supports USB3 data and alternate mode. I think USB3 has negotiation protocol to figure out the data rate. There is also negotiation about power delivery on USB-C specific pins.