> We can't know that life is guaranteed unless we find another example of life arising independently. Of course not. But that's why we discuss probabilities.

> We can't know that life is guaranteed unless we find another example of life arising independently. Of course not. But that's why we discuss probabilities. We also can't discuss definitively about things that we have no reasonable ways to detect. So claims about there's no life because we would have seen them is completely worthless given that we have very, very few, if any, ways to detect such life. Assuming it existed, are we even able to detect a planet like Earth with similar animal and human activity in any other solar system, even in the Milky Way? I am personally not aware of such general capability.