Yep, just launch the built-in Linux VM (i.e. search "linux" in settings and click one or two buttons). Then install VSCode and Docker as you would on any Linux

Yep, just launch the built-in Linux VM (i.e. search "linux" in settings and click one or two buttons). Then install VSCode and Docker as you would on any Linux system. You can then launch them from the ChromeOS desktop environment as if they were native ChromeOS apps. It's really quite seamless, much more so than WSL (and better performance IME).