Id argue a counterpoint to this, and its that replacing things like software are expensive, and time consuming. Take for example a CNC machine. The whole hog is

Id argue a counterpoint to this, and its that replacing things like software are expensive, and time consuming. Take for example a CNC machine. The whole hog is a pricey piece, and you cant swap it out to some competitor without a lot of work, usually (in this case) in the way of all the program files that have to be retranslated, operators retrained, etc. AND THEN you add to that the software itself. Some of these machines have a "more modern" (read: at least from 1990) computer. Which while great in some aspects, the software still cannot be upgraded, due to compatibility. And so, these machines continue to put thousands of operating hours on the clock. The thing is, the software is usually pretty bad. Operators have just gotten used to the bad, and work around it. And its only gotten worse as time goes on. Some ancient windows os, needing to connect to a newer version as the rest of the business modernized. And worse, that ancient os, still having some network connectivity in some cases. Its not that the tech is great, its that its become so engrained into the business that replacing it would be harder than starting a new business with the new tech. And so, it continues to operate well beyond its lifetime, and thats how you end up having cobol and fortran being actively used in industries in 2023. And.. lets talk about the modern standards *cough* USB, but wait did i mean USB 2.0, or maybe 3.1, but maybe i meant 3.2+superspeed, but wait theres also USB 4.1! Old standards havent been entirely great, and that's why we have iterations (my usb example was really a rant more than example), but we have unfortunately built a lot of bad standards, that we still very heavily rely on, and wont easily get away from. The overhead of TCP for example, or how about IPv4? I blame business though, we have much higher velocities in modern development than we did 50 years ago. Having years to plan a thing vs two weeks it seems to be today. If given a good time frame, software and standards can be more concretely designed, leading to less shitty new tech, but im a dreamer and it will never happen except in small scale areas.