As long as we continue to either produce more value than before, or the same amount of value with less costs, it’s not a big deal. Population growth makes thing

As long as we continue to either produce more value than before, or the same amount of value with less costs, it’s not a big deal. Population growth makes things easier but it’s not strictly necessary. The biggest problem is dealing with the “transition” of the population pyramid. Public pensions and such usually don’t account for the shape - namely the ratio of economically productive people to economically unproductive (dependents and retirees) - changing. Most likely, whichever generation gets to be retirees along the demographic transition from positive population growth to neutral population growth will get a free ride in the form of lower taxes/contributions in their productive years relative to what they consume in their retirement years. This is kinda sorta happening with Boomers in many developed countries although it’s greatly mitigated in eg the US by immigration.