Yes. So far back. Under the influence of the opposition, they only managed to complete such feats as building the fastest mainframe in Europe in 1952, and gave

Yes. So far back. Under the influence of the opposition, they only managed to complete such feats as building the fastest mainframe in Europe in 1952, and gave the designer of the computer that crunched the math behind the first crewed spaceflight the highest award possible, The Hero of Socialist Labour. The was during the most intense period of “anti-cybernetic” sentiment. The biggest negative factor affecting Russian computer science was the fact that the US has been at economic war with them for essentially the last century. There has almost never been a time when Russia didn’t have heavy sanctions against is. For example, when Toshiba sold CNC machines to Russia in 1987, the US threatened to ban their access to the US market entirely.