> It seems like engineering guidelines, if composed carefully, would help solve at least some of these problems. That's now how this works. It's hard to know h

> It seems like engineering guidelines, if composed carefully, would help solve at least some of these problems. That's now how this works. It's hard to know how to design programs, it comes from experience, you are paying your engineers to apply that expertise. There isn't a formula for all problems. Every large software company I have worked at simply accepts this, and allows engineers to do solve the problem the way they want, while requiring interfaces between teams/software to work properly. Besides that, there are a few approaches you can take to share knowledge: 1. Limit the number of technologies used in your stack. You just listed 4 languages that all fill a similar role. If that was 1 that would reduce a lot of the cognitive load. 2. Cross pollinate engineers so that they get to work on all parts of the code.