I'm late to the party, but I wrote my masters thesis on the Frege-Russell distinction, and ambiguity in formal and natural language. I think this problem is mu

I'm late to the party, but I wrote my masters thesis on the Frege-Russell distinction, and ambiguity in formal and natural language. I think this problem is much more complicated than most people realize. Humans are regularly fooled by ambiguity in the "is"-operator, and it is the source of punchlines in many jokes for exactly this reason. In general, the operator can be broken down into 4 categories: Identity: Clark Kent is Superman (what this is talking about) Accident (or Quality): The whale is blue. Subsumption (or class inclusion): The whale is a mammal. Existence: The whale is. The distinction isn't arbitrary, but is isn't impossibly ambiguous, and can be easily understood (the vast majority of the time) by both humans and machines if the underlying qualities of the nouns is understood. This obviously presents a problem for LLM's as they are, essentially, concept free.